MiFID

Delegated Regulations Under MiFID II Directive and BMR Published in OJ

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The following Delegated Regulations were published on January 17, 2018 in the Official Journal of the EU (OJ):

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/63, which amends Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/571 supplementing the MiFID II Directive (2014/65/EU) with regard to regulatory technical standards on the authorization, organizational requirements and the publication of transactions for data-reporting services providers. The Commission adopted this Delegated Regulation on September 26, 2017.

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/64, which supplements Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 (BMR) on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of investment funds with regard to specifying how the criteria of Article 20(1)(c)(iii) of the BMR are to be applied for assessing whether certain events would result in significant and adverse impacts on market integrity, financial stability, consumers, the real economy or the financing of households and businesses in one or more member states.

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/65, which specifies technical elements of the definitions laid down in Article 3(1) of the BMR.

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/66, which supplements the BMR specifying how the nominal amount of financial instruments other than derivatives, the notional amount of derivatives and the net asset value (NAV) of investment funds are to be assessed. The Commission adopted Delegated Regulations (EU) 2018/64, (EU) 2018/65 and (EU) 2018/66 on September 29, 2017.

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/67, which supplements the BMR with regard to the establishment of the conditions to assess the resulting impact from the cessation of or change to existing benchmarks. The Commission adopted this Delegated Regulation on October 3, 2017.

All the Delegated Regulations will enter into force twenty days after their publication in the OJ on February 6, 2018.

ESMA Statements on ICO Risks for Firms and Investors

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Following the European Securities and Markets Authority‘s (“ESMA“) observation in rapid-growth initial coin offerings (“ICOs“)s, on November 13, 2017, ESMA issued two statements on ICOs.

ESMA notes in a statement for firms that where ICOs qualify as financial instruments, it is likely that the firms involved in ICOs will be conducting regulated investment activities, whereby they need to comply with the relevant legislation, including:

  • Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) (“MiFID“). Where the coin or token qualifies as a financial instrument, the process by which a coin or token is created, distributed or traded is likely to involve some MiFID activities and services, such as placing, dealing in or advising on financial instruments.
  • Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) (“AIFMD“). An ICO scheme could qualify as an alternative investment fund (“AIF“), to the extent that it is used to raise capital from a number of investors, with a view to investing it in accordance with a defined investment policy.
  • Prospectus Directive (2003/71/EC) requires publication of a prospectus before the offer of transferable securities to the public or the admission to trading of such securities on a regulated market situated or operating within a member state. Also, the Prospectus Directive specifies that the prospectus should contain the necessary information that is material to an investor for making an informed assessment of the facts and that the information shall be presented in an easily analyzable and comprehensible form.
  • Fourth Money Laundering Directive ((EU) 2015/849) (“MLD4“).

ESMA stresses that any failure by firms to comply with the applicable rules will constitute a breach. Firms involved in ICOs must give due consideration as to whether their activities constitute regulated activities.

A statement for investors by ESMA also alerts them of the high risk of losing all of their invested capital as ICOs are highly speculative investments. ICOs are vulnerable to the risk of fraud or money laundering.

Depending on how they are structured, ICOs may fall outside of the scope of EU law and regulations, in which case investors cannot benefit from the protection that these laws and regulations provide. Also, the price of the coin or token is typically extremely volatile, and investors may not be able to redeem them for a prolonged period.

ESMA Updates Document on Waivers from MiFID Pre-Trade Transparency Requirements

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On June 20, 2016, the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA“) published an updated version of the waiver document (ESMA/2011/241h) that sets out its assessment of applications for waivers from pre-trade transparency requirements under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) (“MiFID“).

The waiver document is aimed at competent authorities under MiFID to ensure that, in their supervisory activities, their actions converge with the opinions provided by ESMA. The examples are also intended to provide clarity for firms on the MiFID requirements for pre-trade transparency.

In the updated waiver document there is a new ESMA opinion relating to large-in-scale waivers. The new opinion, which is written in red, provides an example of functionalities that satisfy the MiFID criteria.

ESMA Reminds Firms of their Responsibilities when Selling Bail-In Securities

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On June 2, 2016, ESMA issued a statement (ESMA/2016/902) reminding banks and investment firms of their responsibility to act in their clients’ best interests when selling bail-in-able financial instruments.  The statement clarifies how credit institutions and investment firms should apply the requirements under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) (MiFID) governing the distribution to clients of financial instruments subject to the BRRD resolution regime under the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (2014/59/EU).

The statement stresses that firms must comply with their obligations under MiFID and the importance of:

  • Providing investors with up-to-date, complete information drafted under the supervision of the compliance function.
  • Managing potential conflicts of interest, in particular, when a firm sells its own bail-in financial instruments directly to its customers (self-placement).
  • Ensuring the product is suitable and appropriate for the investor, which may entail collecting more in-depth information about the client than usual to reflect the fact a client could lose money without the firm entering into insolvency.

In an accompanying press release, ESMA explained that under the BRRD rules, which came into force in January 2016, firms are likely to issue a significant amount of potentially loss-bearing instruments to fulfil their obligations and raised its concern that investors (in particular retail investors) are unaware of the risks they may face when buying these instruments.

ESMA Publishes New Q&A on CFDs and Other Speculative Products

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The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published a new question and answer document (ESMA/2016/590) on the application of MiFID to the marketing and sale of financial contracts for difference (CFDs) and other speculative products to retail clients.

ESMA explains that, although CFDs and other speculative products (such as binary options and rolling spot forex) are complex products, they are widely advertised to the retail mass market by a number of firms, often through online platforms. The Q&A document is designed to promote common supervisory approaches and practices in the application of MiFID and its implementing measures to key aspects that are relevant when CFDs and other speculative products are sold to retail clients. Although they are targeted at competent authorities, the answers are also intended to help firms by providing clarity on MiFID requirements.

ESMA has also added that, while the Q&A refer to MiFID, the principles and requirements underpinning the content of the document will remain unchanged once MiFID II enters into application.

European Commission and U.S. CFTC Agree Common Approach on Requirements for Transatlantic CCPs

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On February 10, the European Commission published a statement setting out details of the common approach it has agreed with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on requirements for transatlantic central counterparties (CCPs).

The statement explains that the agreement reached will ensure that EU CCPs will be able to do business in the U.S. more easily, and that U.S. CCPs can continue to provide services to EU companies. To implement the agreement:

  • The Commission intends to shortly propose for adoption an equivalence decision under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (“EMIR”) with respect to CFTC requirements for U.S. CCPs. This will allow the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) to recognize U.S. CCPs wanting to serve EU markets as soon as practicable. Once recognized, a U.S. CCP may continue to provide services in the EU while complying primarily with CFTC requirements. It will also become a qualifying CCP for the purposes of the Capital Requirements Regulation (Regulation 575/2013) (CRR), which will lower costs for EU banks and their subsidiaries.
  • The CFTC will propose a determination of comparability with respect to EU requirements. This will permit EU CCPs to provide services to U.S. clearing members and clients while complying primarily with certain corresponding EU requirements. The CFTC will also streamline the registration process for EU CCPs wishing to register with it.
  • The Commission will shortly propose the adoption of an equivalence decision to determine that U.S. trading venues are equivalent to regulated markets in the EU. This will provide a level playing field between EU and U.S. trading venues for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) (MiFID).
  • The steps needed to implement the agreement will be put in place as soon as practicable, and the Commission will work with the CFTC to ensure that the changes are implemented in a co-ordinated manner. The Commission will also work with the CFTC to monitor the impacts resulting from the changes, and assess whether any further actions are necessary to ensure financial stability or prevent regulatory arbitrage.

Commenting on the agreement in a separate statement, ESMA advises that, once the Commission’s equivalence decision on the U.S. regime is adopted under EMIR, it will “rapidly” resume the recognition process of specific CFTC-supervised U.S. CCPs that had applied to it to be recognized in the EU. Although EMIR gives ESMA up to 180 working days to conclude the recognition process, ESMA intends to do everything it can to shorten the period, and will proceed with recognition as soon as the U.S. applicant CCPs meet the conditions contained in the equivalence decision. Given the June 21, 2016 deadline for the start of the EMIR clearing obligation in the EU, ESMA understands that U.S. CCPs will have a strong interest in becoming fully compliant with EU equivalence conditions, which should help to shorten the period.

ESMA Compliance Table Relating to MiFID Remuneration

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On October 7, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) published a guidelines compliance table relating to its guidelines on remuneration policies and practices under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID).

The table lists the jurisdictions whose national competent authorities (NCAs) have informed ESMA whether they comply or intend to comply with the guidelines. The only jurisdiction in the table listed as not complying is Germany. There is a comment in the table that states that the German NCA (BaFin) does not entirely comply with the guidelines insofar as it excludes from their scope any remuneration agreed within the scope of application of collective agreements. Guidelines Compliance Table.

ESA Issues ESMA and EBA Consultation for Securities and Banking Complaints Handling

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On November 6, the Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) issued a consultation paper by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the European Banking Authority (EBA) concerning draft guidance for the handling of complaints in the securities and banking industries. This guidance aims to:

  • clarify expectations on firms’ procedures for complaints handling;
  • give guidance on the provision of information to complainants and the procedures for answering complaints;
  • harmonize the complaint handling arrangements of firms in order to help protect consumers; and
  • set a minimum level of supervision for firms’ complaint handling arrangements on an EU-wide basis.

The guidance applies to investment firms, UCITS management companies and UCITS investment companies that have not designated a management company, AIFMs providing MiFID services, credit institutions and e-money institutions.

The deadline for responses to the consultation is February 7, 2014, with the final report scheduled to be published in the first quarter of 2014.  Consultation Paper.

ESMA Finalises Guidelines on Remuneration Policies and Practices Under MiFID

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On June 11, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) published a final report on the guidelines on remuneration policies and practices under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) (MiFID) (ESMA/2013/606).  Remuneration policies should be aligned with effective conflicts of interest management duties and conduct of business risk management obligations, in order to ensure that clients’ interests are not impaired by the remuneration policies and practices adopted by the firm in the short, medium and long term.

The final report also contains feedback received from ESMA’s September 2012 consultation on the draft guidelines and sets out material changes to the guidelines made by ESMA following consultation.  Competent authorities to which these guidelines apply must notify ESMA whether they comply or intend to comply with the guidelines, stating their reasons for non-compliance where they do not comply or do not intend to comply, within two months of the date of publication of the translated versions by ESMA.  Final Report.

ESMA Consultation on Guidelines on Remuneration Policies and Practices under MiFID

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On September 17, the European Securities and Markets Association (ESMA) published a consultation paper on proposed guidelines on remuneration policies and practices under MiFID.

The proposed guidelines are intended to enhance the implementation of MiFID’s existing conduct of business and conflicts of interests rules in relation to remuneration, with a view to improving investor protection.

The guidelines focus on:

  • the governance and structure of remuneration policies and practices in the context of existing MiFID requirements; and
  • the control of risks created by remuneration policies and practices.

The deadline for comments is December 7, with a final report and guidelines expected to be published by Q2 of 2013.