Burst Again: Sabine Bankruptcy Court Issues Binding Ruling Finding No Covenants Running with Land

Earlier this year, we covered Judge Shelley Chapman’s ruling in the Sabine bankruptcy, permitting the Debtors to reject a handful of gathering and other midstream agreements. Previously, Judge Chapman permitted rejection on the grounds that the Debtors exercised their reasonable business judgement in doing so.  At that time, the Court issued a “non-binding” ruling on whether the agreements were (or contained) “covenants running with the land” that would have rendered rejection impossible or useless.

On May 3, 2016, approximately six weeks later, Judge Chapman reached a final “binding” ruling on this open issue – holding that the contracts do not constitute (or include) covenants running with the land, and can be rejected in full. The Court largely reiterated its prior analysis – and even attached the prior opinion to the new opinion.  The Court also noted for the first time that, if the contracts had contained covenants affecting the value and use of the real property, they likely would have defaulted the Debtors’ credit facility.  Mem. Decision on Motions of Nordheim Eagle Ford Gathering, LLC et al. at 11, In re Sabine Oil & Gas Corp., No. 15-11835 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y., May 3, 2016).

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Litigation Finance: A Brief History of a Growing Industry

 

Litigation costs money.

Litigation finance can provide the cash a plaintiff needs to prevail in court. Plaintiffs holding valid—and potentially quite valuable—claims sometimes do not have the resources to initiate a lawsuit or to see one through to a favorable resolution. Rules of professional ethics generally prohibit lawyers from providing clients with financial assistance.  A contingency fee arrangement with a lawyer can help reduce a plaintiff’s out-of-pocket legal costs, but such arrangements are not always feasible. Even when they are, the lawyer may not have enough cash available to fully fund the costs of litigation.

Litigation financing (also known as professional funding, settlement funding, third-party funding, or legal funding) is the process by which plaintiffs can finance their litigation or other legal costs through a third party. This third party provides a nonrecourse cash advance to the plaintiff in exchange for a percentage share of the judgment or settlement. Litigation finance is used to fund all types of cases, including commercial litigation, intellectual property disputes, personal injury cases, class actions, whistleblower suits, and even high-profile divorce cases. And funders invest in early stage cases, cases pending appeal, and even finished cases.

Many investors, including big banks, participate in this sector. There are also firms dedicated solely to investment in litigations. These firms now invest about $1 billion a year, and the industry seems to be growing. Topping $1 Billion Mark, Big Litigation Funder Gets Bigger, Julie Triedman, The Am Law Daily, January 6, 2016. The industry’s largest investor, Chicago-based Gerchen Keller, was formed in 2013 with $100 million in capital and now has more than $1.4 billion in assets under management.  In many ways, the firm operates like a typical hedge fund. It maintains several separate funds that invest private capital in portfolios of assets selected by the firms’ managers. The major difference between it and more traditional hedge funds is that Gerchen Keller invests only in this new asset class—namely, interests in lawsuits.  In addition to investments by big banks and funds, accredited investors with as little as $2,500 to invest can get a piece of the action.  Specifically, LexShares, a crowdsourcing website, matches third-party funders meeting certain qualifications with litigants in need of funding.

The foregoing demonstrates that lawsuit investment is a new and burgeoning asset class. In spite of this, there is no uniform regulation.  Congress and state legislatures are looking to change this situation.

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Burst Pipeline? Bankruptcy Court Rules Sabine Can Reject Midstream Contracts

Bankruptcy Judge Shelley Chapman held that Sabine Oil & Gas Corp. has satisfied the standards for rejection of several gathering and handling agreements between Sabine and its midstream counter-parties, Nordheim Eagle Ford Gathering, LLC and HPIP Gonzales Holdings, LLC. The ruling has limits.  The matter ultimately turns on whether certain covenants “run with the land” under Texas law.  While the Court held that Sabine exercised reasonable business judgment in rejecting the agreements, the Court declined to decide “in a binding way the underlying legal dispute with respect to whether the covenants at issue run with the land,” and instead offered a “non-binding” analysis to determine the reasonableness of Sabine’s rejection.  Thus, if the counter-parties can demonstrate that the covenants do run with the land in an adversary proceeding, Sabine may not be able to terminate those covenants. In re Sabine Oil & Gas Corp., No. 15011835 (SCC) (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Mar. 8, 2016).

How did Judge Chapman come to this ruling and how will it affect agreements between upstream and midstream providers? See below for background on this case, the two main arguments and an analysis of potential implications this case may have, particularly on midstream counter-parties who may have thought they were protected from upstream credit risk.

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Orrick Named Top Ten Bankruptcy Law Firm in Every 2015 Quarter

DealPipelineTablesQ415Once again, Orrick has been ranked a Top Ten Bankruptcy Law Firm by The Deal Pipeline. These rankings are released on a quarterly basis, compiling comprehensive deal intelligence to identify the leading law, crisis management, investment, and non-investment firms and professionals involved in bankruptcy transactions throughout the United States. After cracking the top ten in Q1, Orrick remained among the top ten bankruptcy law firms in every quarter in 2015.

Orrick’s restructuring team enjoyed a busy year, including such recent highlights as representing the City of Stockton in its exit from bankruptcy and dismissal of an appeal filed by holdout creditor Franklin Templeton in the US Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Ninth Circuit; Tirreno Power on a complex corporate reorganization including the negotiation and drafting of a €1 billion debt restructuring agreement, which was awarded Restructuring Deal of the Year at the 2016 Legalcommunity Energy Awards; and IFM Investors Pty Ltd, on behalf of IFM Global Infrastructure Fund, in its $5.72 billion acquisition of 100% of the membership interests of ITR Concession Company, which operates and maintains the Indiana Toll Road – named M&A Deal of the Year by ​M&A Advisor.

To see the complete list of rankings, please click here.

VIDEO: Debtwire European Distressed Debt Market Outlook 2016

Orrick partner and co-head of Europe Restructuring Stephen Phillips recently joined a Debtwire panel on potential high yield restructurings in Europe and current volatile market conditions at the 12th European Distressed Debt Market Outlook. Several videos from the launch are now available on Debtwire’s site.

sphillipsdebtwire

For more information, please contact Stephen.

 

Debtwire European Distressed Debt Market Outlook 2016

Distressed investors did not witness the anticipated wave of European high yield restructurings in 2015, but with significant stock market declines and a growing sense of economic anxiety, participants in the 12th European Distressed Debt Market Outlook expect a marked increase in restructuring activity in 2016. Despite improved European growth and stronger U.S. economic data, falling commodity prices (particularly oil) and the higher number of high yield bonds trading at distressed levels suggest another year of volatility is in store.

Orrick partner and co-head of Europe Restructuring Stephen Phillips recently joined the Debtwire panel addressing these issues. For more information, please contact Stephen.

To access the full report, click here.

M&A Advisor Names ITR Transaction Distressed M&A Deal of the Year at Annual Turnaround Awards

M&A Advisor selected the restructuring of ITR Concession Company, operator of Indiana Toll Road, and its ensuing $5.725 billion sale to IFM Investors, as the Distressed M&A Deal of the Year (in the over $1 billion category) at its 10th Annual Turnaround Awards. A cross-practice Orrick team featuring Young Lee and Dan Mathews of the Energy & Inf​rastructure Group, King Milling and Tal Hacohen of the Corporate Group and Lorraine McGowen of the Restructuring Group advised on the matter. In November, a separate M&A Advisor judging committee also recognized this matter as its M&A Deal of the Year.

The M&A Advisor Turnaround Awards honor the accomplishments of the leading distressed investing, restructuring and turnaround firms and professionals.

Oil & Gas Bankruptcy Issues: Part 5 Bankruptcy Issues for Secured Creditors

Part 5: Bankruptcy Issues for Secured Creditors

In the final installment of this series on the oil & gas industry, Orrick Restructuring Chair Ron D’Aversa and Restructuring Partner Doug Mintz survey the bankruptcy landscape for the oil & gas industry in the current low-price climate, outlining strategic reasons for bankruptcies, how unencumbered assets make for an atypical bankruptcy case, and how valuation and new borrower options could ultimately lead to adversarial cases.

If you wish to skip ahead, select one of the below topics:

Where will the next bankruptcy filings occur?

How will financing play out in these bankruptcy cases and what are the important variables to consider?

What are some of the unique issues associated with sales in these cases?

What are the new options available to borrowers in these cases?

How will valuation, cramdowns and unencumbered collateral affect these cases?

For additional posts in this series, please click here: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4.

Oil & Gas Bankruptcy Issues: Part 4 Liens in Bankruptcy Cases

Part 4: Liens in Bankruptcy Cases

In this fourth of five videos on the oil & gas industry, Orrick Restructuring Chair Ron D’Aversa and Restructuring Partner Doug Mintz go over the often complicated process of securing liens for oil & gas operations, explaining what RBL liens typically attach to and how the liens compete with others invested parties.

If you wish to skip ahead, select one of the below topics:

What assets do RBL liens cover?

In addition to oil, what do liens typically attach to?

Would the lien still attach to the oil once it has been extracted?

How do liens that an RBL lender holds compete with other liens?

For additional posts in this series, please click here: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 5.

Oil & Gas Bankruptcy Issues: Part 3 Unique Structuring Issues

Part 3: Unique Structuring Issues

In this third of five videos on the oil & gas industry, Orrick Restructuring Chair Ron D’Aversa and Restructuring Partner Doug Mintz explore the unique ways in which oil & gas interests are transferred, how these interests are treated in bankruptcy and offer clues as to what courts will look at when issues concerning carved-out interests arise.

If you wish to skip ahead, select one of the below topics:

How are oil & gas interests treated in bankruptcy cases?

How have courts weighed in on leases concerning oil & gas interests?

What are carved-out interests and how do they work?

How are carved-out interests treated in bankruptcy cases?

For additional posts in this series, please click here: Part 1, Part 2, Part 4, Part 5.